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- ==============================================================================
- DOCUMENT TITLE: A Common Date-Time Standard for Amateur Radio - A Proposal.
- AUTHOR: Ian Galpin, G1SMD.
- LAST REVISED: 1996-Jul-28.
- FORMATTING: 78 Characters per line + <cr> + <lf>.
- FILE NAME: Y2KHAM.TXT
- ==============================================================================
-
- A Common Date-Time Standard for Amateur Radio:
- ----------------------------------------------
-
- Proposal: * ~ #
- --------- See Notes !
- 1. That the provisions of the:
- - 'full basic' * and
- - 'full extended' * formats
- within the International Standard ISO 8601 ~, for representation of:
- - Calendar Date in the Gregorian Calendar #, and for
- - Date expressed as Ordinal Day of Year #, and for
- - Time of Day expressed in 24-hour format
- be adopted as defacto standards for all facets of the Amateur Radio hobby.
- 2. That an unofficial variant to the ISO standard, that allows the month to be
- written as the common 3-letter English abbreviation be included within this
- proposal, when a Calendar Date is intended for human reading.
- 3. That the UTC time scale be used whenever possible in Date and Time
- representations.
-
- Scope:
- ------
- The usage of these formats can apply to each of the following:
- - The internal workings of Computer Programs.
- - Computer Printouts (Satellite Tracking, Log Books, Packet Radio,
- Contest Scoring, etc).
- - Computer Screens.
- - Data Storage.
- - Data Interchange (on Packet Radio: both within the headers, and within typed
- messages; Log Book Files, Contest Log Files, Satellite Pass Data, etc).
- - QSL cards.
- - Membership Cards, Certificates, Invoices, Receipts, Magazine Issue Dates.
- - Any other computer, or paper, based documentation, data, or correspondence.
-
- Benefits:
- ---------
- - The ISO format completely avoids the American / British date format
- ambiguity.
- - Data and programs become internationally portable, with no possibility of
- misinterpretation.
- - The usage of the ISO format for the internal workings of computer programs
- usually ensures more compact code, and therefore faster operation.
- - The logical left to right Year-Month-Day Hour:Minute:Second precedence makes
- computer programming easier. Certain date-related algorithms become trivial
- when using this style.
- - Using the ISO format and 4-digit years should ensure that software
- transitions correctly from 1999-12-31 to 2000-01-01 (programs using only a
- 2-digit year may produce wrong results).
- - Having only one date format allowed on computer program screens and
- printouts means that the program works the same for everyone everywhere in
- the world; only one program version is required for all markets.
- - It removes the need for a whole load of 'Date Format' menu options, making
- programs smaller, and easier to write. It reduces the scope for making
- mistakes.
- - Using a fixed format for dates and times makes looking down lists of dates
- and times easier.
-
- Background:
- -----------
- Dates have caused many problems to computer programmers. The tradition in the
- past has been to use the dd/mm/yy form in Britain, and the mm/dd/yy form in
- America. The problem is that programs from abroad may 'work backwards' to how
- the user expected them to. In addition, messages written abroad from the
- eventual reader, may be misunderstood: e.g. 1/12/96 is read in Britain as 1st
- December, but if written by an American it is likely that January 12th was
- intended. The ISO Year-Month-Day format solves this problem.
-
- Where only a 2-digit year is used within a computer program, there may be
- problems when year '99' (1999) rolls over to '00' (2000); in addition to the
- problem that a date like 31/06/96 may be 1896, 1996, or 2096!
-
- The full ISO format (with 4-digit years) removes all of these problems at the
- same time.
-
- The Standard was originally adopted in Britain as BS 4760:1971, and as
- BS 5249:1976 and later superseded by BS 7151:1989. Latterly, and as a result
- of European harmonisation, BS 7151 has been renumbered as BS EN 28601, so
- implementing the European Standard EN 28601, which is identically worded to
- the ISO 8601 Standard. International Standard ISO 8601 replaced the ISO 2014,
- ISO 2015, ISO 2711, ISO 3307 and ISO 4031 Standards which have all been
- withdrawn; but which you may see referred to in some older documentation.
-
- The ISO 8601 Standard has now been adopted in most countries of the world.
-
-
- Summary of the ISO Standard:
- ----------------------------
-
- Gregorian Calendar Date:
- ------------------------
- - Use 4-digit years when storing or printing dates.
- - Use the order Year-Month-Day i.e. biggest first (e.g. 1999-12-31).
- - Use Leading Zeroes on digits 01 - 09 for the Month and for the Day number.
- - Use the '-' separator. Do not use the '/' separator, this has a different
- meaning within the standard.
-
- Ordinal Day of Year ('Ordinal Date'):
- -------------------------------------
- - Use 4-digit years when storing or printing dates.
- - Use the order Year-DayNumber.
- - DayNumber is a 3-digit Number from 001 to 365 (366 in a leap-year).
- - Use the '-' separator between the year and the Day Number (e.g. 1996-250).
-
- Time of Day:
- ------------
- - Use the 24-hour format.
- - Use the order Hours:Minutes:Seconds i.e. biggest first.
- - Use Leading Zeroes on the digits 00 - 09 for each data field.
- - Use the ':' separator (e.g. 23:59:59).
-
- Time Zones:
- -----------
- - Specify Dates and Times in UTC whenever possible, following the Date
- and/or Time by the letter 'Z'.
- - For Zones other than UTC the Local Date and/or Local Time is followed by a
- Zone Designator, where East of Greenwich is Positive, and West of Greenwich
- is Negative. It is a 4-digit number expressing hours and minutes difference
- to UTC; where '+0100' means one hour ahead of UTC (e.g. Central Europe),
- '-0500' means five hours behind UTC (e.g. East Coast USA), and '+0430'
- means four and a half hours ahead of UTC (e.g. India).
-
- Various Comments:
- -----------------
- When combining Dates and Times, always put the Date BEFORE the Time.
-
- The formats described above are the 'Full' format. The ISO standard also
- specifies formats for various 'Truncated' and 'Reduced Precision' forms. For
- the Full Format Calendar Date of '1996-05-25', the Truncated version of
- '96-05-25' says year 96 in any century, and the Reduced Precision '1996-05'
- form, just specifies the Date down to month level. The Full Format is the most
- relevant here; the other forms may cause problems of misinterpretation in some
- instances (especially problems when a 2-digit year is used).
-
- For each definition within the Standard, there is a 'Basic Format' and an
- 'Extended Format' style. The Extended format (1996-05-25) includes the
- separators, and is intended for human reading. The Basic format does not
- include the separators (19960525), and is intended for data storage (e.g. on
- Hard Disk), or for Data-Interchange, and can be an ASCII string, packed BCD,
- a binary number, or whatever you choose.
-
- The Standard defines that a Date and/or Time expressed in the UT or UTC time
- scale should be followed by the letter 'Z'. For Amateur Radio operators it may
- be prudent to also allow the letters 'UT' or 'UTC' be used.
-
- For a Date and/or a Time expressed in a Local Time Zone, the standard defines
- a sign and 4-digit numerical format for expressing that Time Zone relative to
- UTC. For Amateur Radio purposes, I propose that the established 3-letter
- abbreviation for Zone, where already defined and in common usage, also be
- allowed (e.g. EST, PST, PDT, CET, CST, etc).
-
- The ISO Standard allows Dates and Times to be expressed in only fully numeric
- form. For human reading of dates and times; and to help those people who may
- not have come across the ISO Year-Month-Day way of specifying Dates and Times
- before; and for the purposes of this proposal, it would be wise to also allow,
- within the definition for Calendar Date and Time, the usage of the common
- English three letter abbreviation of the Month to be used, such that the date
- 1996-05-25 can also be written as 1996-May-25.
-
- Notes to this Proposal:
- -----------------------
- * that is, as opposed to the truncated and reduced precision formats.
-
- ~ ISO 8601 is adopted throughout Europe as EN 28601.
- EN 28601 is adopted in Britain as BS EN 28601.
- ISO 8601 is adopted in America as an ANSI standard.
- ISO 8601 is the Default National Standard in Denmark, Sweden, most East
- European countries, China, Korea, Japan, and many others.
- The Title of the ISO Standard is 'Data Elements and Interchange Formats -
- Information Interchange - Representation of Dates and Times'.
-
- # ISO 8601 also has other provisions for Date expressed as Week and Day of
- Week, and for specifying Periods of Time. These are not especially relevant
- to Amateur Radio, and are not covered by this proposal.
-
-
- Ian Galpin, G1SMD 1996-Jul-28 <g1smd@amsat.org>
-
- 1996-07-28\Amateur.Radio\ISO8601.Proposal.
- ==============================================================================
- This document is CopyRight Ian Galpin, 19 Palmer Road, Poole, Dorset, England,
- BH15 3AR. Permission is given for distribution via Internet and via magnetic
- media only. No fee may be charged for this distribution and the document shall
- be passed on in full, no alterations are permitted. For permission to reprint
- or use in a business environment, write to the author at the address above.
- Comments and suggestions on any Y2K or related topic are also always welcomed.
- ==============================================================================
-
- .end
-